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Disasters kill, maim, and generate increasingly large economic
losses. But they do not wreak their damage equally across
populations, and every disaster has social dimensions at its very
core. This important book sheds light on the social conditions and
on the global, national, and local processes that produce
disasters. Topics covered include the social roots of disaster
vulnerability, exposure to natural hazards such as hurricanes and
tsunamis as a form of environmental injustice, and emerging
threats. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book
provides the necessary frameworks for understanding hazards and
disasters, exploring the contributions of very different social
science fields to disaster research and showing how these ideas
have evolved over time. Bringing the social aspects of recent
devastating disasters to the forefront, Tierney discusses the
challenges of conducting research in the aftermath of disasters and
critiques the concept of disaster resilience, which has come to be
seen as a key to disaster risk reduction. Peppered with case
studies, research examples, and insights from very different
disciplines, this rich introduction is an invaluable resource to
students and scholars interested in the social nature of disasters
and their relation to broader social forces.
Disasters kill, maim, and generate increasingly large economic
losses. But they do not wreak their damage equally across
populations, and every disaster has social dimensions at its very
core. This important book sheds light on the social conditions and
on the global, national, and local processes that produce
disasters. Topics covered include the social roots of disaster
vulnerability, exposure to natural hazards such as hurricanes and
tsunamis as a form of environmental injustice, and emerging
threats. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book
provides the necessary frameworks for understanding hazards and
disasters, exploring the contributions of very different social
science fields to disaster research and showing how these ideas
have evolved over time. Bringing the social aspects of recent
devastating disasters to the forefront, Tierney discusses the
challenges of conducting research in the aftermath of disasters and
critiques the concept of disaster resilience, which has come to be
seen as a key to disaster risk reduction. Peppered with case
studies, research examples, and insights from very different
disciplines, this rich introduction is an invaluable resource to
students and scholars interested in the social nature of disasters
and their relation to broader social forces.
From its inception in 1983, ESPRIT (the European Strategic
Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology)
has aimed at improving the competitiveness of European industry and
providing it with the technology needed for the 1990s. Esprit
Project 623, on which most of the work presented in this book is
based, was one of the key projects in the ESPRIT area, Computer
Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). From its beginnings in 1985, it
brought together a team of researchers from industry, research
institutes and universities to explore and develop a critical
stream of advanced manufacturing technology that would be timely
and mature for industrial exploitation in a five year time frame.
The synergy of cross border collaboration between technology users
and vendors has led to results ranging from new and improved
products to training courses given at universities. The subject of
Esprit Project 623 was the integration of robots into manufacturing
environments. Robots are a vital element in flexible automation and
can contribute substantially to manufacturing efficiency. The
project had two main themes, off-line programming and robot system
planning. Off-line programming enlarges the application area of
robots and opens up new possibilities in domains such as laser
cutting, and other hazardous operations. Reported benefits obtained
from off-line program ming include: - significant cost reductions
because re-programming eliminates robot down-time; - faster
production cycles, in some cases time-savings of up to 85% are
reported; - the optimal engineering of products with improved
quality."
From its inception in 1983, ESPRIT (the European Strategic
Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology)
has aimed at improving the competitiveness of European industry and
providing it with the technology needed for the 1990s. Esprit
Project 623, on which most of the work presented in this book is
based, was one of the key projects in the ESPRIT area, Computer
Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). From its beginnings in 1985, it
brought together a team of researchers from industry, research
institutes and universities to explore and develop a critical
stream of advanced manufacturing technology that would be timely
and mature for industrial exploitation in a five year time frame.
The synergy of cross border collaboration between technology users
and vendors has led to results ranging from new and improved
products to training courses given at universities. The subject of
Esprit Project 623 was the integration of robots into manufacturing
environments. Robots are a vital element in flexible automation and
can contribute substantially to manufacturing efficiency. The
project had two main themes, off-line programming and robot system
planning. Off-line programming enlarges the application area of
robots and opens up new possibilities in domains such as laser
cutting, and other hazardous operations. Reported benefits obtained
from off-line program ming include: - significant cost reductions
because re-programming eliminates robot down-time; - faster
production cycles, in some cases time-savings of up to 85% are
reported; - the optimal engineering of products with improved
quality."
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